The former player: 'I hoped to continue playing'
Important note: This piece contains details of racially offensive comments and behaviour
Ex-England centre Luther Burrell says that going public to expose racism in professional rugby brought his career to an premature conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the game, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to end my career because of what happened," he explained to media outlets.
"I wanted to carry on playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news came out that there were inquiries underway.
"That was challenging - I had to simply accept the outcome and understand that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect sufficient proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him earn 15 caps after his first game in 2014.
"I've had several traumatic experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the problem that I've myself experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a extended period you just begin to believe that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was finally spurred to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and told him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the professional level and to the introduction of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has given considerable attention on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it added.
"The organization are continuing work with teams and partners in the professional game to work for a environment of acceptance but recognize this takes time and is an continuous effort."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has face-to-face training on creating welcoming environments, with its effectiveness monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and defend others from damaging behaviour.
"You be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your playing days, but in our view, you have achieved so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the production of the documentary, and his sibling died earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the game more accessible.
His 12 Foundation works to reach children in under-served communities and help them thrive on and off the field with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is willing to tell their story then I'll continue to fight that cause because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more comfortable others will feel about discussing their personal experiences as well.
"I take the bull by the opportunity and keep carrying this banner and continue carrying this weight and do what I can to develop possibilities and make the game more appealing and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of poverty and I honestly think that rugby has the ability to transform their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in November 2022